The most common form of arthritis, caused by gradual wear of the joint, and one where the right assessment can make a real difference to comfort and function
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It develops as the smooth cartilage that cushions a joint gradually wears, leading to pain, stiffness and sometimes swelling. It most often affects the knees, hips, hands and spine. While it is linked to age and use, a good deal can be done to ease symptoms and keep joints working well.
Written for patients and reviewed by Dr Liubov Borukhson, Consultant Rheumatologist (GMC 7021928).
Osteoarthritis tends to develop slowly, and symptoms can vary. Typical features include:
One of the most useful things a specialist assessment does is distinguish osteoarthritis from inflammatory arthritis, as the two are managed quite differently.
Diagnosis is usually based on your symptoms and an examination, supported by imaging where helpful. An important part of the assessment is making sure the pain is not due to an inflammatory or other condition that would need different treatment.
Ultrasound can help here, showing whether there is active inflammation in a joint and helping clarify the cause of the pain. Dr Borukhson uses point-of-care ultrasound during the consultation, so this can often be assessed in the same visit. You can read more on the ultrasound clinic page.
The aim is to reduce pain, maintain movement and keep you active. Treatment is individual but often combines exercise and strengthening, advice on managing load on the joint, and pain relief where needed. These measures, used consistently, can make a substantial difference.
Where a particular joint is troublesome, an ultrasound-guided injection may help settle it and support rehabilitation. Depending on what is most suitable for you, this may be a steroid injection to calm inflammation, or a hyaluronic acid injection, which aims to lubricate and cushion the joint. Which option is best is discussed with you, and any treatment plan is agreed together.
Osteoarthritis is common, but persistent joint pain should not simply be put down to age without assessment. A specialist review confirms the cause, rules out inflammatory arthritis, and sets out a clear plan to protect comfort and function.
A specialist assessment, with ultrasound where helpful, can confirm the cause and agree a clear plan to ease pain and protect movement
Book an appointment