Ganglion cysts
Common, harmless fluid-filled lumps that form near a joint or tendon, where assessment confirms the diagnosis and guides any treatment
A ganglion cyst is a common, harmless, fluid-filled lump that forms near a joint or tendon, most often around the wrist or hand. These cysts are not cancerous. Many cause no trouble at all and need no treatment, but some can be uncomfortable, restrict movement, or be a cosmetic concern. Assessment helps confirm what the lump is and what, if anything, should be done.
Written for patients and reviewed by Dr Liubov Borukhson, Consultant Rheumatologist (GMC 7021928). Last clinically reviewed: June 2026.
Common symptoms
Ganglion cysts vary in how they present. Features may include:
- A smooth, rounded lump near a joint or tendon, often at the wrist
- A lump that may change in size, sometimes appearing and disappearing
- Usually no pain, though some cause aching or restrict movement depending on their position
How it is diagnosed
A ganglion can often be recognised from the examination. Confirming what the lump is provides reassurance and rules out other causes.
Ultrasound is very useful here. It can confirm that a lump is a fluid-filled ganglion rather than something else, which is reassuring, and helps guide any treatment. Dr Borukhson uses point-of-care ultrasound during the consultation, so the lump can often be assessed in the same visit. You can read more on the ultrasound clinic page.
How it is treated
Many ganglion cysts need no treatment, particularly if they are not causing problems, and some settle on their own. Where a cyst is uncomfortable or restricting movement, the fluid can sometimes be drawn off, which ultrasound guidance helps perform accurately. Persistent or troublesome cysts may be referred for consideration of removal. The right approach is discussed with you.
Why assessment helps
A new lump is understandably a cause for concern, and assessment most often provides reassurance that it is a harmless ganglion, while identifying the occasional case that needs more attention. If you have a lump near a joint or tendon, a specialist review, with ultrasound where helpful, can confirm what it is.
A lump near a joint or tendon?
A specialist assessment, with ultrasound where helpful, can confirm whether it is a harmless ganglion and discuss any treatment
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